Hector Sants: Ex-FSA Chief Awarded Knighthood

The man tasked with regulating the City in the run-up to the near-collapse of the UK banking system has been knighted in the Queen's New Year Honours.

Former Financial Services Authority (FSA) chief executive Hector Sants has been recognised for services to financial regulation after overseeing sweeping reforms following the nationalisation of Northern Rock and the bailout of major banks.

The knighthood may be seen as a controversial decision, as it was Sir Hector who led the organisation accused by MPs of being "asleep at the wheel" in the run up to the collapse of Northern Rock.

While he was criticised for the FSA's failure to spot and prevent the credit crunch and subsequent banking meltdown, he has since won praise for cleaning up the regulator and for his role in forcing banks to beef up their balance sheets.

Sir Hector said the award was a "testament to the hard work of everyone at the FSA during the crisis, their willingness to learn lessons and to bring about the changes that were necessary".

The 56-year-old had planned to leave his role in February 2010, but was convinced by Chancellor George Osborne to stay on to see through the coalition's break-up of the FSA.

It was thought he would become a deputy governor of the Bank of England and head the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) - one of two new regulatory bodies that will replace the FSA as part of an overhaul in the wake of the financial crisis.

But Sir Hector unexpectedly resigned earlier this year and has courted more controversy, joining scandal-hit Barclays, where he will become the bank's first point of contact for regulators.

He is believed to be in line for a £3m pay package.

The FSA received a mauling from MPs in the wake of the banking crisis and collapse of Northern Rock.

Northern Rock had to be nationalised in 2008, with the Government also having to bail out Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB and HBOS.

In the aftermath of the crisis, Sir Hector warned the City to "be frightened" as he pledged an era of more intrusive and direct regulation.

He also laid the blame at the door of the US and UK governments for their part in the crisis, saying authorities worldwide sought to "encourage a significant credit boom particularly for the benefit of consumers who wished to purchase housing".

Sir Hector joined the FSA wholesale markets arm from Credit Suisse in 2004. He became chief executive in 2007 - just two months before the run on Northern Rock.

It had been widely expected that Sir Hector would return to the private sector when he resigned from the FSA.

Barclays, which has had its reputation battered following this summer's rate-rigging revelations, has appointed Sir Hector to the newly-created role of head of compliance. He is due to start on January 21.

It is believed he will also play a central role in rewriting the bank's pay and bonus strategy.

Sir Hector is married with three children.

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Fiscal Cliff: Obama 'Optimistic' After Talks

Mr Burns Explains The Fiscal Cliff

Updated: 3:03pm UK, Friday 07 December 2012

The Simpsons character Mr Burns has managed to explain the "fiscal cliff" with a pithy cartoon.

It may be a complex and political concept, but with the use of a simple graph and a man in a car, the unpopular nuclear plant CEO succeeds in explaining the predicament facing the US economy.

Admittedly it may have a certain Republican spin to it, but given that the explanation is made in the Burns mansion where Mitt Romney presidential campaign posters are peeling from the wall, that is no surprise.

According to Mr Burns the "fiscal cliff" is defined simply as this: "Think of the economy as a car and the rich man as the driver. If you don't give the driver all the money he will drive you over a cliff.

"It's just common sense."

He goes on to tell his right-hand man Smithers: "Furthermore, rich people feel things more than the common man."

The fiscal cliff is the $607bn (£378bn) of cuts and taxes that will kick in on January 1 if the Republicans and the Democrats in Congress cannot agree on how to run the US economy.

While the Democrats favour raising taxes for the rich, the Republicans want to retain the tax cuts brought in by George W Bush and say it is government spending that must be curtailed.

Because they failed to agree they made a deal on a package of tax rises and spending cuts, including defence and welfare, that will come into action in the new year unless a solution is found.

Economists have warned that if this happens then it could throw the US back into recession and damage the global financial recovery.

Some financial experts have said that the fiscal cliff is the biggest threat to global recovery, as the rest of the world is looking to the US to lead them out of recession.

Congress is now working to try to find a solution before the December 31 deadline.

If it does not, then Smithers will be driving Mr Burns' car to the top of the graph and over the cliff.

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Online Shopping Surges Over Xmas

Internet retail sales are on course to have risen 30% over the Christmas period as shoppers moved to bag a bargain from home and beat sale queues.

Figures from market data firm Experian suggest Boxing Day set a new British record for online shopping.

According to the report, Britons spent 14 million hours trawling websites on Boxing Day, paying around 113 million visits to online retailers on what became the UK's biggest day for internet shopping.

Experian found that web sales were up by 17% on Boxing Day last year.

The figure had been expected to be higher but the company's digital insight manager, James Murray, said: "With a number of the major retailers bringing their sales forward to Christmas Eve, the impact of that was that Boxing Day was slightly muted and not as prolific as we forecast."

Figures show that Christmas Eve was 86% bigger than last year as a shopping day while Christmas Day was 71% bigger, as shoppers took to websites.

British Retail Consortium (BRC) spokesman Richard Dodd said the dash for discounts was boosted by consumers who were feeling the pinch.

He said: "Customers are under lots of financial pressure and are really keen on seeking out value and taking advantage of bargains."

Robert Goodman, general manager of Kent's Bluewater shopping centre, said: "Boxing Day's momentum has continued into today, with the opening of the John Lewis clearance sale being a major draw."

Waitrose said it had enjoyed a record Christmas season - with Sunday, December 23,proving to be its busiest ever.

Total branch sales excluding petrol for the festive period rose 7.7% between Sunday, November 4, and Christmas Eve.

On a like for like basis, sales were up 4.3% on the equivalent period last year.

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Fiscal Cliff: Obama Calls Leaders To White House

Opinion: President Obama Must Find Diplomacy Skills

Updated: 3:58pm UK, Thursday 27 December 2012

By David Buik, Cantor Index

President Obama and his charming wife Michelle recently posed for Christmas holiday photographs in Hawaii – all chilled out, very avant-garde in their dress and without appearing to have care in the world.

Clearly his advisers were not in concert with his thinking and summoned him back to Washington in response to an uncomfortable poll, where 47% were of the opinion that a solution will not be found before 1st January 2013 to avoid the 'fiscal cliff!'

I do not subscribe to that intense feeling of uncertainty.  However this impasse with the Republican majority in Congress cannot prevail without serious consequences!

Falling off the Fiscal Cliff would mean that $600bn of tax increases would be immediately implemented affecting many from the US middle-class to the tune of $2,000 per annum plus expenditure cuts totalling $100bn, including austerity measures on an already stressed defence budget.

Measures of such magnitude could send the US economy into recession. Many feel that this frustrating level of prevarication or if you prefer political brinkmanship could take 0.5% off GDP in 2013.

There has always been some degree of posturing by Congress when the opposition holds the majority of votes.  However this time around there appears to be an excess of 'bad blood' between the warring parties. Democrat House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and Harry Reid, senior majority leader in the Senate, would hardly qualify as candidates for a first class honours degree in diplomacy, always pouring oil on the flames of discontent on any negotiations which are not in line with their thinking.

John Boehner, the GOP's majority leader has not exactly excelled himself either in terms of presentation.  He preens himself like a peacock, without a hair out of place, when updating the media on the disappointing progress of the negotiations, thus irritating the Democrats for the perceived intransigence of the Republicans.

For the market place easily the most disappointing performance of all from these budget negotiations has come from the President himself.  Despite the fact that he has a larger majority than he gained at the Presidential election in 2008, he still has no majority in Congress.  That's a fact of life and unless the constitution is changed, and frankly 'hell has a better chance of freezing over,' an agreement has to be found within the framework of Congress – like it or not.

Let's not mince words.  There is an air of arrogant confidence about President Barack Obama's demeanour.  Unfortunately he has a lousy relationship with the Republicans in Congress, which is almost understandable; but what is unforgivable is the perception that his relationship with the Democrats in Congress is one of aloofness, irritation and indifference.

He may well protest at that allegation – no matter! As Commander-in-Chief it is the President's job to cajole and steer the acceptance of the US government's legislation and policies through Congress.

President Obama has a very strong case that those earning over $250,000 a year should shoulder more of the tax burden.  However what is terrifying to the market place is what seems to be the threat of abrogation of responsibility in dealing with the unacceptable and gargantuan levels of debt.

Objective people accept that in 2008 President Obama took an economic 'hospital-pass' from President George W Bush, which sent the economy in to recession.  Of that there is no doubt. TARP was a successful ruse!  Treasury Secretary Geithner and FED Chairman Bernanke's next little trick, which fell out of 'Pandora's Box' was quantitative easing!

It was a decent temporary solution and it bought time and restored confidence.  However there are only 4 aces in a pack of cards. Geithner and Bernanke may think there are six. Zero interest rates can only last so long.  Eventually someone has to pick up the tab!  Since 2008 the deficit has risen from $9tn to $16t. This is unacceptable.

In my humble opinion debt is the greatest threat to democracy! The US government cannot rely on China to keep buying Treasuries with an insatiable appetite, regardless of liquidity, if the US government does not attend to its responsibilities. 

Governments, banks and Consumers are all-over borrowed.  De-leveraging must be implemented.

If the market and China in particular decides that the debt burden is too great and consequently withdrew their automatic support with yields from 0.25% to 2% rising meteorically, that would send the cost of servicing debt in to orbit. The worst case scenario would be recession, massive unemployment and civil unrest!

President Obama, please avoid possible turmoil and 'go bang a few heads' together diplomatically!

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Boxing Day Sales: Record-Breaking Surge

Boxing Day sales records have been smashed after shoppers sent tills into meltdown across Britain.

Bargain-hunters queued overnight in preparation for stores opening this morning, with thousands pouring through the doors from as early as 6am.

Forecasters said more than £50m would have been taken on London West End's famous shopping destinations of Bond Street, Regent Street and Oxford Street at closing time.

Footfall was up 31.3% on Boxing Day last year in the West End, with sales fuelled by tourists eager to spend. The UK average footfall was up by 21.6%, the retailers' body said.

Hundreds of shoppers poured through the doors when Selfridges opened

On Oxford Street, flagship store Selfridges reported its most successful first hour of trade ever, with £1.5 million rattling through the tills.

Sue West, Selfridges director of operations, said handbags and menswear were among the items flying off the shelves.

"Online sales have been great, but year-on-year people still want to experience the Boxing Day sales," she said.

Leading department store John Lewis announced a record start to its online sale which began on Christmas Eve with hourly orders up 70% on last year.

In its final pre-Christmas trading period John Lewis saw sales of £157.8m, up 26.5% on the same period last year and breaking the £150m barrier for the first time.

Queues formed outside some shops from as early as 1am.

Andy Street, managing director of John Lewis, said: "To be announcing another record-breaking pre-Christmas week along with such a fantastic start to our online clearance is marvellous news."

At Birmingham's Bullring Shopping Centre, thousands were ready and waiting from 12.20am for the off with 350,000 passing through within the next 24 hours.

Manchester's Trafford Centre enjoyed its biggest Boxing Day sale in its history with police drafted in to help manage the crowds - 20,000 were at the out-of-town location by 8am.

The centre's Gordon McKinnon said: "Many retailers have kept stock levels much tighter this year, so the sales will not be stretching on into January."

Kent's Bluewater shopping centre saw about 120,000 visitors pass through its doors, with queues forming at 1am.

Stores reported an influx of shoppers from abroad

The British Retail Consortium had described high-street spending as "acceptable but not exceptional" this festive period, but the Boxing Day sales would add gloss to the figures.

Retailers slashed prices and began early-morning trading in a bid to entice shoppers and compete with online rivals offering weighty discounts.

A strike by London tube drivers about bank holiday pay does not seem to have had too much impact on the sales.

Extra buses were laid on for those travelling to the West End, as well as the Westfield shopping centres in Stratford, east London, and White City, west London, Transport for London said.

Jason Tyrrell from the New West End Company told Sky News: "We were prepared for this strike and had coaches for staff. The shoppers are out in force, but I hope both sides get round the table and sort it out."

Online retailers tried to stay one step ahead of the competition by offering heavy discounts on Christmas Day with Amazon's UK website seeing a 263% rise in sales over the last five years.

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Graphene: Super Funds For Super-Material

Investment funds totalling £21.5m are going to some of Britain's top universities to develop commercial uses for the "super-material" graphene.

Manchester University academics Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics for demonstrating the remarkable properties of the material.

Graphene is a kind of two-dimensional carbon which is one of the thinnest, lightest, strongest and most conductive materials known to man.

Graphene atoms are arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern similar to graphite, but in a sheet one-atom thick.

A sheet measuring one metre square weighs only .77 milligrams.

The aim is to see the material put to use in a wide array of industrial and everyday applications.

Graphene could deliver potentially lucrative technological breakthroughs in areas ranging from electronics to energy generation and telecommunications.

George Osborne saw Manchester University's graphene research labs last year

The Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council has identified the most promising graphene-related research projects in British universities to benefit from state funding.

The University of Cambridge has been awarded more than £12m for research into graphene flexible electronics and opto-electronics, which could include things like touch-screens and other display devices.

London's Imperial College will receive over £4.5m to investigate aerospace applications of graphene, working with a number of industrial partners including Airbus.

The other successful projects are based at Durham University, the University of Manchester, the University of Exeter and Royal Holloway.

The universities will be working with industrial partners including Nokia, BAE Systems, Procter & Gamble, Qinetiq, Rolls-Royce, Dyson, Sharp and Philips Research. They will together bring a further £12m to the table.

News of the funding was announced by Chancellor George Osborne, who said: "The Government moved quickly and decisively to make sure this Nobel Prize-winning technology invented here in the UK was also developed here.

"It's exactly what our commitment to science and a proactive industrial strategy is all about - and we've beaten off strong global competition.

"Now I am glad to announce investment that will help take it from the British laboratory to the British factory floor."

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Belgian Chocolate: Is Its Reputation Melting?

By Robert Nisbet, Europe Correspondent

Belgium's reputation as the world's chocolate capital could be melting as emerging markets develop a sweet tooth and the recession continues to bite.

The region became the base for the industry shortly after the Spanish explorer Cortes returned from Mexico with cocoa pods from Mexico in the 17th century.

Three hundred chocolate companies are based in Belgium, which have a combined turnover of nearly £2bn every year.

While the commodities analyst Mintel suggests the global market for chocolate has held steady in 2012 at roughly £52bn, the market in Western Europe shrank by 5%.

More worryingly for many of the Belgian craftsman, who buy their chocolate already ground and cooked before adding their own ingredients, processing has shifted away from factories in neighbouring Germany and the Netherlands.

Statistics from the European Cocoa Association show that processing in Europe fell by 17% over the summer.

It is not just the recession, the economic model is changing: demand for luxury chocolate is growing in emerging economies, but slowly shrinking in richer countries.

World record-breaking chocolate train

So it makes more economic sense for the larger companies to shift production to new markets where labour costs are low and the beans do not have to be shipped to Europe to be processed.

Since the recession, Belgian artisans have been mostly shielded from a dip in local demand by growing demand in eastern Europe and the so-called BRIC countries.

But there could be problems ahead when they have to pay more to buy processed chocolate from further afield.

There certainly is not an air of impending crisis.

We saw a giant chocolate sculpture of a hippopotamus draw gasps in Grand Sablon, the "quality street" where most of the famous chocolate houses have a flagship shop.

There was also the unveiling of the world's longest ever structure built purely from chocolate in the Gare du Midi near the railway platform where Eurostar trains rumble in from London.

The 34 metre long sculpture of a vintage steam train was checked by inspectors from the Guinness Book of World Records to ensure it was solid chocolate and not bulked out using cheaper ingredients.

The tourism minister Christos Doulkeridis told Sky News that he believed Belgium will keep its chocolate crown.

"We don't want to be the first one just in chocolate. We want to be the first one in chocolate of quality," he said.

The test will be whether the country can continue to maintain its reputation as a marque of quality in the teeth of foreign competition.

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Christmas Day Sees Online Shopping Frenzy

High street doors may have been closed on Christmas Day but online retailers slashed prices ahead of an expected onslaught of consumers hitting the traditional Boxing Day sales.

Amazon's UK website said it has seen sales on Christmas Day increase by 263% over the last five years.

It expected this to be its busiest Christmas Day to date, partly due to the growth in home broadband and the popularity of tablets and smartphones.

The retailer launched its Boxing Day deals a day early, including clearance offers and "lightning deals" for a limited time and quantity of stock.

Shopping frenzies are moving from the high street to the internet

Trends seen on past Christmas Days on Amazon include an 11am rush for last-minute gift cards, the spending of gift cards at midday and sofa surfing at 8.15pm.

Amazon's vice president of EU retail, Xavier Garambois, said: "The digital revolution has certainly played a part in this growth and Christmas Day is our biggest day of the year for MP3 and Kindle book downloads, as many people are buying content from new devices that they have just received.

"It's not just digital items though, we are seeing purchases of everything from baby products to women's clothing rapidly growing on Christmas Day.

"Many customers are shopping on Christmas Day in a way that has previously only been seen in the retail industry on Boxing Day."

According to MoneySupermarket.com, shoppers in the UK are set to spend a total of £2.9bn in the Boxing Day sales.

Furniture Village said visits to its website on Christmas Day last year peaked at 25,000 at 4pm, with that figure increasing to 50,000 on Boxing Day, suggesting that the majority of customers researched products online before buying from high street stores.

Chris Webster, a spokesman for technology analyst Capgemini, said: "Online tills will be ringing all the way from Christmas Eve to Boxing Day, including a massive £300m spent on Christmas morning itself.

"Christmas Day will see a surge in online sales as new tablets and smartphones are put through their paces and vouchers are cashed in for virtual goods such as movies and music."

Meanwhile, high street spending was "acceptable but not exceptional" this festive period, according to the British Retail Consortium.

Head of media and campaigns Richard Dodd said poor accessibility on high streets, a lack of parking and weak consumer demand were to blame rather than an increase in online shopping.

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Belgian Chocolate: Is Its Reputation Melting?

By Robert Nisbet, Europe Correspondent

Belgium's reputation as the world's chocolate capital could be melting as emerging markets develop a sweet tooth and the recession continues to bite.

The region became the base for the industry shortly after the Spanish explorer Cortes returned from Mexico with cocoa pods from Mexico in the 17th century.

Three hundred chocolate companies are based in Belgium, which have a combined turnover of nearly £2bn every year.

While the commodities analyst Mintel suggests the global market for chocolate has held steady in 2012 at roughly £52bn, the market in Western Europe shrank by 5%.

More worryingly for many of the Belgian craftsman, who buy their chocolate already ground and cooked before adding their own ingredients, processing has shifted away from factories in neighbouring Germany and the Netherlands.

Statistics from the European Cocoa Association show that processing in Europe fell by 17% over the summer.

It is not just the recession, the economic model is changing: demand for luxury chocolate is growing in emerging economies, but slowly shrinking in richer countries.

World record-breaking chocolate train

So it makes more economic sense for the larger companies to shift production to new markets where labour costs are low and the beans do not have to be shipped to Europe to be processed.

Since the recession, Belgian artisans have been mostly shielded from a dip in local demand by growing demand in eastern Europe and the so-called BRIC countries.

But there could be problems ahead when they have to pay more to buy processed chocolate from further afield.

There certainly is not an air of impending crisis.

We saw a giant chocolate sculpture of a hippopotamus draw gasps in Grand Sablon, the "quality street" where most of the famous chocolate houses have a flagship shop.

There was also the unveiling of the world's longest ever structure built purely from chocolate in the Gare du Midi near the railway platform where Eurostar trains rumble in from London.

The 34 metre long sculpture of a vintage steam train was checked by inspectors from the Guinness Book of World Records to ensure it was solid chocolate and not bulked out using cheaper ingredients.

The tourism minister Christos Doulkeridis told Sky News that he believed Belgium will keep its chocolate crown.

"We don't want to be the first one just in chocolate. We want to be the first one in chocolate of quality," he said.

The test will be whether the country can continue to maintain its reputation as a marque of quality in the teeth of foreign competition.

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Christmas Day Online Sales Surge Predicted

Bargain season begins in force today as online retailers slash prices ahead of an expected onslaught of consumers hitting the high street for the traditional Boxing Day sales.

Amazon's UK website said it had seen sales on Christmas Day increase by 263% over the last five years.

It expects this to be its busiest Christmas Day to date, partly due to the growth in home broadband and the popularity of tablets and smartphones.

The retailer is launching its Boxing Day deals a day early, which include clearance offers and "lightning deals" for a limited time and quantity of stock.

Shopping frenzies are moving from the high street to the internet

Trends seen on past Christmas Days on Amazon include an 11am rush for last minute gift cards, the spending of gift cards at midday and sofa surfing at 8.15pm.

Amazon's vice president of EU retail, Xavier Garambois, said: "The digital revolution has certainly played a part in this growth and Christmas Day is our biggest day of the year for MP3 and Kindle Book downloads, as many people are buying content from new devices that they have just received.

"It's not just digital items though, we are seeing purchases of everything from baby products to women's clothing rapidly growing on Christmas Day. Many customers are shopping on Christmas Day in a way that has previously only been seen in the retail industry on Boxing Day."

According to MoneySupermarket.com, shoppers in the UK are set to spend a total of £2.9bn in the Boxing Day sales.

Furniture Village said visits to its website on Christmas Day last year peaked at 25,000 at 4pm, with that figure increasing to 50,000 on Boxing Day, suggesting that the majority of customers researched products online before buying from high street stores.

Chris Webster, a spokesman for technology analysts Capgemini, said: "Online tills will be ringing all the way from Christmas Eve to Boxing Day, including a massive £300m spent on Christmas morning itself.

"Christmas Day will see a surge in online sales as new tablets and smartphones are put through their paces and vouchers are cashed in for virtual goods such as movies and music.

"This year we're as likely to be downloading Queen's Greatest Hits as watching the Queen's speech."

Meanwhile, high-street spending was "acceptable but not exceptional" this festive period, according to the British Retail Consortium.

Head of media and campaigns Richard Dodd said poor accessibility on high streets, a lack of parking and weak consumer demand were to blame rather than an increase in online shopping.

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